Abstract The outer protective shells of nuts can have remarkable toughness and strength, which Nails are typically achieved by a layered arrangement of sclerenchyma cells and fibers with a polygonal form.Here, the tissue structure of walnut shells is analyzed in depth, revealing that the shells consist of a single, never reported cell type: the pol
Climbing is an interesting form of quadrupedal locomotion on vertical substrates, and also a popular recreational activity.However, a theory of locomotor energetics of climbing has not been devised yet.Here we discuss an analytical model, based on simple physical principles, that gives the energy cost as a function Motor Armature Refacing Stick of
Abstract The ophiostomatoid fungi are an assemblage of ascomycetes which are arguably best-known for their associations with bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculonidae) and blue stain (sap stain) of many economically important tree species.These fungi are considered a significant threat to coniferous forests, which has resulted in numerous studies cha